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2002.7.15
11:30 PM PST
15 min.
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Introduction to PersonalProfessors —
Please view before you begin your studies!
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Date:
Time:
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2002.7.18
11:00 AM PST
15 min.
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The Biological Macromolecules and Digestion —
the four main types of molecules in biology, how they are put together, and why the digestive system exists....
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Date:
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2002.9.4
10:00 AM PST
15 min.
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Start of Biology Course-Cell Membranes and Enzymes —
beginning cell biology; structure and function of the phospholipid bilayer and basic enzymology
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2002.9.6
10:30 AM PST
15 min.
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Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes vs. Viruses —
two important groups of living things and one.....what?
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2002.9.9
11:00 AM PST
15 min.
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Central Dogma of Molecular Biology —
overview of how proteins are made from DNA
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2002.9.11
10:00 AM PST
15 min.
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The Golgi Apparatus and Protein Secretion —
how proteins get from a cell to the rest of the body
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2002.9.13
11:00 AM PST
15 min.
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How Plants Capture Solar Energy —
the conversion of electromagnetic energy into chemical energy
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2002.9.16
11:00 AM PST
15 min.
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Chemiosmotic Gradients —
and the role they play in ATP production, both in choroplasts and mitochondria
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Date:
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2002.9.18
10:00 AM PST
15 min.
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Mitochondria Structure and Function —
a general overview of the role mitochondria play in energy production and a specific look at ATP pruduction in the inner membrane
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Date:
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2002.9.20
11:00 AM PST
15 min.
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The Cytoskeleton —
how the cell holds itself together
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Date:
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2002.9.23
11:00 AM PST
15 min.
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Intro to Genetics and Meiosis —
a look at DNA, chromosomes and the cell cycle with a discussion of why meiosis is called reduction-division
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Date:
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2002.9.27
11:00 AM PST
15 min.
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Continuation of Meiosis —
random segregation of chromosomes determines the probability that a given allele will be in a gamete
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2002.9.30
2:00 PM PST
15 min.
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Synapsis and Crossing Over in Meiosis I —
our look at meiosis continues with an examination of crossing over and it's effects on the gametes
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2002.10.4
4:00 PM PST
15 min.
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The X and the Y Chromosomes —
how these behave in meiosis and how they determine the sex of the offspring
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2002.10.7
11:00 AM PST
15 min.
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Alleles- Dominant and Recessive —
alternate forms of genes and how they interact to determine the 'phenotype' of an individual
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2002.10.11
12:00 AM PST
15 min.
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The Monohybrid Cross and Dihybrid Cross —
predicting offspring allele combinations with one and two different traits
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2002.10.14
11:00 AM PST
15 min.
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Continuation of the Dihybrid Cross —
we continue the dihybrid cross we began on Friday the 11th
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2002.10.16
9:00 AM PST
15 min.
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Pedigrees and Predicting Modes of Inheritance —
how we can use a pedigree to determine if a trait is autosomal or X-linked, dominant or recessive
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2002.10.21
10:00 AM PST
15 min.
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Pedigree Analysis of an X-linked Trait —
we continue our use of pedigrees to determine mode of inheritance, this time looking at a recessive trait on the X chromosome....this analysis would have greatly benefited the royal families of 19th century Europe!
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Date:
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2002.10.25
11:00 AM PST
20 min.
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Recombination Frequencies and Genetic Distances —
we'll see how one can use the frequencies of crossing over in meiosis to estimate the distance between gene loci on a chromosome....very advanced stuff!
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2002.10.30
1:00 PM PST
15 min.
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An Exercise in Mapping Genes —
a second example of how to map genes onto chromosomes
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2002.11.1
11:00 AM PST
15 min.
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The Genetic Code —
we now begin a series of units on the genetic code and the mechanisms by which nucleotide sequences are translated into proteins...the very heart of the genetic revolution.
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2002.11.5
10:00 AM PST
15 min.
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Ribosomes, tRNA and the Genetic Code —
a closer look at the structure of a ribosome and how it facilitates protein construction with tRNA.
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2002.11.8
10:00 AM PST
15 min.
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Using the Genetic Code —
to convert mRNA base sequences into proteins. See the link to the genetic code in the Discussions, print it out to follow along in this lecture.
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Date:
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2002.11.11
11:00 AM PST
15 min.
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DNA Mutations and Proteins —
we'll look at a slightly different angle on redundancy in the genetic code and examine how mutations may or may not affect the amino acid sequence of a protein
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Date:
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2002.11.15
11:00 AM PST
15 min.
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Cell Differentiation and Gene Expression —
if all cells in a single organism have the same DNA, why do the different types of cells have varying structures and functions?
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2002.11.18
1:00 PM PST
15 min.
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Continuation of Regulating Gene Expression —
we continue where we left off on Friday, looking at how those things called transcription factors can influence gene expression.
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2002.11.22
11:00 AM PST
20 min.
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Review of Genes and Gene Expression —
before moving on to genetic engineering I'll summarize the main points of our recent tour of how genes are expressed. Points covered include DNA, RNA, transcription and translation, protein structure and the genetic code
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2002.11.25
11:00 AM PST
15 min.
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The Actual Molecular Structure of DNA —
we've talked about DNA, now let's look at the actual molecule....the famous double helix!
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2002.11.27
11:00 AM PST
15 min.
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Continuation of DNA Structure —
picking up from the last lecture, this time we'll look at the the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA and examine how the nucleotides are connected.
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2002.12.2
11:00 AM PST
15 min.
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Intro to DNA Technology —
the first of two or three lectures on genetic engineering
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2002.12.4
11:00 AM PST
15 min.
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Continuation of DNA Technology —
how restriction enzymes can be used in genetic engineering, plus a look at DNA gel electrophoresis.
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2002.12.9
11:00 AM PST
15 min.
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DNA Gel Electrophoresis —
today's lecture will look at this mainstay technique in DNA technology
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2002.12.16
2:00 PM PST
15 min.
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Ecology —
today we begin a multi-week section on ecology. Subjects include population ecology, the flow of energy in ecosystems, nutrient cycles and more! Join us today to follow along with lectures, questions and answer sessions after lectures, and discussions.
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Date:
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2002.12.20
11:00 AM PST
15 min.
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Climate and Global Weather Patterns —
we'll define climate, look at global climate patterns and their causes, and talk about how species are distributed with respect to major climate patterns
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2003.1.6
2:00 PM PST
15 min.
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Continuation of Climate —
we pick up where we left off in the Climate lecture, starting with differential heating of the earth's surface
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Date:
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2003.1.10
11:00 AM PST
15 min.
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Biotic Interactions in Ecological Communities —
how organisms affect each other, for both good and 'bad'
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Date:
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2003.1.13
11:00 AM PST
15 min.
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Population Size and Growth Rate —
understanding population growth rates using simple mathematics
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Date:
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2003.1.17
11:00 AM PST
15 min.
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Human Activities and Changes in Ecosystems —
first we finish with population growth equations, then we'll apply concepts learned in our previous ecology lectures to how human activities can affect ecosystems
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Date:
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2003.1.22
2:00 PM PST
15 min.
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Producers and Consumers in Ecosystems —
beginning to understand the flow of energy through ecosystems
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Date:
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2003.1.24
11:00 AM PST
15 min.
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The Energy Pyramid in Ecosystems —
we continue our look at ecosystem energy flow, this time looking at the 'diminution' of energy through trophic levels.
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Date:
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2003.2.11
2:00 PM PST
15 min.
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The Respiration-Photosynthesis Relationship —
in ecosystems...a fascinating balance that speaks volumes about the interconnectedness of life on this planet.
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Date:
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2003.2.14
11:00 AM PST
20 min.
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Carbon Cycling and the Greenhouse Effect —
now that we understand the global relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration, we'll look at a the larger concepts of the carbon cycle and the greenhouse effect
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Date:
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2003.2.17
11:00 AM PST
20 min.
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The Water and Nitrogen Cycles —
how water and nitrogen cycle in ecosytems
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Date:
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2003.2.19
1:00 PM PST
15 min.
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Genotypes, Phenotypes and Natural Selection —
how natural selection works on the expression of genetic traits
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2003.2.24
11:00 AM PST
15 min.
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Rare Lethal Alleles in Populations —
how lethal alleles can persist over time in a population
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Date:
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2003.2.26
2:00 PM PST
15 min.
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Mutation, Variation and Environmental Change —
a brief look at how selection acts on variation within populations
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Date:
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2003.2.28
11:00 AM PST
20 min.
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The Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium —
the assumptions that underly the equilibrium, and solving for genotype and phenotype frequencies
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Date:
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2003.3.3
11:00 AM PST
15 min.
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Continuation of Hardy-Weinberg —
we pick up where we left off looking at an example of using the Hardy-Weinberg equation
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Date:
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2003.3.5
2:00 PM PST
15 min.
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The Concept of Genetic Drift —
how small population size can produce random variations in gene frequencies
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Date:
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2003.3.14
11:00 AM PST
20 min.
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Reproductive Isolation and Speciation —
the evolution of a new species begins with reproductive and/or geographic isolation
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Date:
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2003.3.14
11:00 AM PST
15 min.
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Analyzing Fossil Evidence —
we'll look at how fossils tell us about speciation, mass extinctions and diversity
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2003.3.17
11:00 AM PST
20 min.
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Human Physiology- Major Body Systems —
a survey of the major physiological systems and a discussion of structure-function relationships in physiology
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Date:
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2003.3.19
2:00 PM PST
19 min.
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Homeostasis and the Nervous System —
how the nervous system mediates communication, both within the body and between the body and the environment
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2003.3.21
11:00 AM PST
15 min.
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Major Functions of the Endocrine System —
how the endocrine system contributes to stable conditions in the body
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Date:
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2003.3.24
11:00 AM PST
20 min.
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Feedback Loops-Nervous and Endocrine Systems —
how they regulate conditions in the body...that is, maintain homeostasis
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Date:
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2003.3.26
2:00 PM PST
15 min.
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The Electrochemical Nerve Action Potential —
the amazing chemical and electrical mechanism that allows a neruon to transmit the nerve impulse
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Date:
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2003.3.28
11:00 AM PST
15 min.
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Continuation of the Action Potential —
picking up at the start of depolarization, when the voltage-gated sodium channels have just opened.
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2003.3.29
12:00 PM PST
15 min.
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Summary-Voltage Gated Channels in Action Potential —
Please view the previous two lessons on the nerve action potential before watching this summary.
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Date:
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2003.4.4
11:00 AM PST
23 min.
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Propagation of the Action Potential —
we'll finish up with the action potential in neurons by showing how it's propagated and showing how it moves across the synapse
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Date:
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2003.4.7
11:00 AM PST
15 min.
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The Digestive System —
introduction to the digestive process
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Date:
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2003.4.9
11:00 AM PST
15 min.
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The Major Enzymes of the Digestive System —
including a look at the function of bile salts and stomach acid
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Date:
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2003.4.11
11:00 AM PST
15 min.
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Liver Functions —
including detoxification and maintaining glucose balance
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Date:
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2003.4.14
11:00 AM PST
20 min.
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Muscle Contraction —
including the roles of myosin, actin, calcium ions and ATP
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Date:
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2003.4.15
1:00 PM PST
15 min.
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Regulatory Proteins in Muscle Contraction —
how tropomyosin and troponin work together to regulate the binding of myosin heads to the actin thin filaments
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Date:
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2003.4.16
2:00 PM PST
15 min.
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Digestive Hormones —
it's true, hormones are really involved in digestion...we'll outline the major ones and their functions
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2003.4.18
11:00 AM PST
15 min.
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Vertebrate Reproductive Hormones —
including the roles of the hypothalamus and the pituitary
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2003.5.7
11:00 AM PST
20 min.
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Vertebrate Hormones Continued —
we pick up where we left off in the last lecture, looking at the roles of GnRH, LH, and FSH in controlling estrogen and progesterone.
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2003.5.8
1:00 PM PST
20 min.
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Kidney and Nephron-Structure and Function —
The main functions of the kidneys and the main functional unit, the nephron.
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2003.5.9
11:00 AM PST
15 min.
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Control of Osmoregulation with ADH —
today we'll talk about another homeostatic mechanism; how the body maintains the proper amount of fluids
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2003.5.12
11:00 AM PST
15 min.
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The Defense Systems of the Body —
introduction to how the body protects itself from infections and invading pathogens
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Date:
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2003.5.14
1:00 PM PST
15 min.
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Antibodies and the Response to Infection —
the antibody response is part of sspecific defense mechanims in the body....we'll explain the amazing way the body reponds to specific invaders.
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2003.5.16
11:00 AM PST
15 min.
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How the Body Responds to Bacteria and Viruses —
viruses and bacteria are very different things, and so the body must respond to invasion of these in different ways.
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Date:
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2003.5.19
11:00 AM PST
15 min.
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How Vaccinations Work —
the mechanisms by which a vaccination can protect a person from later infections
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Date:
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2003.6.9
11:00 AM PST
15 min.
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Acquired Immunodeficiency, Review of Immune System —
we'll talk about what how immune systems are compromised, and we'll show talk about how the human immunodeficiency virus operates.
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Date:
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2003.6.10
11:00 AM PST
15 min.
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Biology Course Review-Summer Advanced Topics —
taking a look at the full course of lessons now in the archives, and announcing advanced work this summer
MORE DETAILS…
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Date:
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2003.6.19
11:00 AM PST
15 min.
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Advanced Topics- A Full Dihybrid Cross —
we'll look at the cross between two individuals, each heterozygous for two different loci
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2003.6.24
11:00 AM PST
15 min.
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Advanced Topics-Molecular Clocks —
we'll talk about how biologists and paleontologists use what we know about mutation to build phylogenetic trees
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Date:
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2003.6.26
11:00 AM PST
18 min.
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Advanced Topics- Vertebrate Circulation —
we'll trace blood around the vertebrate body, pointing out the major vessels.
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Date:
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2003.7.10
11:00 AM PST
18 min.
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Advanced Topics-Construction of Cladograms —
how to build these branching diagrams of relationships among various species
MORE DETAILS…
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Date:
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2003.7.15
11:00 AM PST
20 min.
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Advanced Topics- A Close Look at the Kreb's Cycle —
starting with the conversion of of the 3-carbon pyruvate molecule that results from glycolysis into acetyl CoA
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2003.8.13
10:00 AM PST
15 min.
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Advanced Topics: Nervous System Gross Anatomy —
we'll look at the anatomical/structural relationships among sensory, motor and interneurons
MORE DETAILS…
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